Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics UCSP CNHS Grade 12, Modul, Activities and Guide

The Three Key Fields of Study

• Anthropology: A scientific field focused on the origins and physical evolution of humans, as well as the wide variety of cultures we have developed throughout history. It examines how people adjust to their surroundings, and how we form belief systems, traditions, and forms of artistic expression.
• Sociology: The study of human communities, the ways people interact with one another, and the frameworks that organize society. It investigates how social groups, institutions such as family or religion, and broader social trends influence individual lives and drive shifts within society.
• Political Science: The examination of governing bodies, political structures, how power is distributed and used, and the actions of people within political systems. It explores how groups make decisions together, and how laws and the rights and duties of citizens function within a country.

Main Areas of Focus

• Socialization and Enculturation: The processes through which people acquire and adopt the accepted behaviors, beliefs, and expected roles of the community they live in.
• Cultural Relativism versus Ethnocentrism: The contrast between viewing other cultures on their own terms with respect, and the tendency to judge other societies solely by the standards and beliefs of one’s own culture.
• Social and Political Transformation: How worldwide integration, movement of people, and new technologies reshape communities, institutions, and ways of life.
• Governance and Society: The roles and responsibilities of the government, the role of independent groups and citizens in public life, and the principles of fundamental human rights.

Learning Area: Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Classification: Core Subject
Track/Strand: All Tracks/Strands
Type of Material: Self-Learning Modules
Download Links:

1. UCSP Module 1 – The Nature, Goals, and Perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science
2. UCSP Module 2 – The Concept of Society
3. UCSP Module 3 – Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
4. UCSP Module 4 – Human Capacity for Culture
5. UCSP Module 5 – Socialization
6. UCSP Module 6 -Sociological Perspective of Society
7. UCSP Module 7 – Forms and Functions of State and Non-state Institution
8. UCSP Module 8 – Functions and Importance of Education in the Society
9. UCSP Module 9 – Concept, Characteristics, and Forms of Stratification Systems
10. UCSP Module 10 – Government Programs and Initiative in Addressing Social Inequalities
11. UCSP Module 11 – Ways to Address Local, National, and Global Inequalities
12. UCSP Module 12 – Human Adaptation on New Challenges in the Physical, Social, and Cultural Environment

Understanding Culture Society and Politics
Quarter 1: Week 1 – Module 1

After going through this module, you are expected to:
Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology and
political science
Specific Learning Objecticve

1. identify the nature, goals and perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology and
   Political Science;
2. explain the different perspectives of anthropology, sociology and
   political science

This activity will enable you to assess your prior knowledge from the topic that will be discussed in this lesson. Have fun and good luck!

Pre-Test
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It defines how people relate to nature and their physical environment.
   A. Politics C. Culture
   B. Anthropology D. Sociology
2. It always describes human, human behaviour and human societies around the world.
   A. Sociology C. Political Science
   B. Anthropology D. Culture
3. It is a social science that deals with humans and their interactions.
   A. Sociology C. Political Science
   B. Anthropology D. Culture
4. It is the study of human social relationships and institutions.
   A. Politics C.Culture
   B. Anthropology D. Sociology
5. It is a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some
   person or thing.
   A. Beliefs C. Traditions
   B. Customs D. Norms
6. This term means scientific study of man or human beings.
   A. Politics C. Culture
   B. Anthropology D. Sociology
7. It refers to a theoretical foundation of contemporary anthropology.
   A. Nature of politics C. Nature of culture
   B. Nature of anthropology D. Nature of sociology
8. It attempts to explain how the social world operates.
   A. Political theory C. Anthropological theory
   B. Sociological theory D. Cultural theory
9. It is used to analyse and explain objects of social study, and facilitate organizing
   sociological knowledge.
   A. Theoretical perspective C. Cultural perspective
   B. Conflict perspective D. Functionalist perspective
10. It sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the distribution of
    resources,power, and inequality.
    A. Theoretical perspective C. Cultural perspective
    B. Conflict perspective D. Functionalist perspective

The nature, goals and perspectives of anthropology, sociology and
political science

1. Anthropology
   relates to sociology, it always describes human, human behaviour and human societies around the world. It is a comparative science that examines all societies. The term anthropology means scientific study of man or human beings.
   Cultural anthropology studies, human societies and elements of cultural life. An example of cultural anthropology is the Linguistic anthropology which focuses on language in a certain society. The goal of studying anthropology is to understand the origin human evolution and the diverse forms of its existence throughout time. The study of Man and its various aspects is known as Anthropology. It may be a subject of science and arts. It is a branch of sociology. It describes human, human behaviour and human societies and it examines all societies around the world. It also describes the ancestors through time and space in relation to its environmental, social relations, and culture
2. Sociology
   is the study of human social relationships and institutions. Sociology’s subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime to religion, from the family to the state, from the divisions of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture, and from social stability to radical change in whole societies. The purpose of sociology is to understand how human action and consciousness both shape and are shaped by surrounding cultural and social structures.
   Sociology is a social science; it belongs to the family of social sciences. As a social science, focuses its aspects on man, his social manners, social activities and social life. The goal of sociology is to help you understand
   how human action and consciousness both shape and are shaped by the surrounding cultural and social structures
3. Political Science
   is a social science that deals with humans and their interactions. It is a branch of sociology; it essentially deals with the large-scale actions of humans, and group mentality it is a discipline that deals with several aspects such as the study of state and government. It deals with the nature and formation of the state and attempts to understand its forms and functions. The goal of Political Science is to constantly deepen the knowledge, discover progress and protect the quality of life within a group, community, country, and the world. Thus, it is the study of power relationships and competing interests among states around the world.
4. Anthropological perspectives
   are culture, cultural relativism, fieldwork, human diversity, holism, bio-cultural focus. The four main perspectives of Anthropology are the cross-cultural or comparative emphasis, its evolutionary/historical emphasis, its ecological emphasis, and its holistic emphasis . An example for this is the analysis and solutions of the different aspects of the society such as the environment issues of pollution, the issues on health and medicine and other issues related to the human activities.
5. Sociological perspective
   introduces the discipline of sociology, including something about its history, questions, theory, and scientific methods, and what distinguishes it from other social science disciplines. Central features include social interaction and relationships, social contexts, social structure, social change, the significance of diversity and human variation, and the critical, questioning character of sociology. It also explores what sociologists do.

Sociology includes three major theoretical perspectives:

1. the functionalist perspective;
2. the conflict perspective; and
3. the symbolic interaction perspective

6. Theoretical perspective
   is used to analyse and explain objects of social study, and facilitat organizing sociological knowledge. In functionalist perspective, societies are thought to function like organisms, with various social institutions working together like organs to maintain and reproduce societies. The conflict perspective sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the distribution of resources, power, and inequality.
7. Political science perspective
   studies the tendencies and actions of people which cannot be easily quantified or examined. Political science is more focused than most social sciences. It sticks to the political arena and to the realm of politics, either dealing with situations with two competing sides or the lateral decisions that affect the group as a whole. An example is the study of democracy as a form of government and why is democracy considered as the best form of government.

Activity . Jumbled Letters
Directions:
There are five words that you can find below; however, the letters are jumbled. A short description is provided to help you identify the words. Kindly write the correct word/phrase on the blanks provided. Write your answer in your
notebook.

1. GYOLOPORTHAN -Scientific study of man or human beings.

2. GYOLOICOS -Study of human social relationships and institutions.

3. CALITILOP ECNEICS – A social science that deals with humans and their
   interactions.

4 . ERUTLUC – Consists of beliefs, behaviours, objects, and other
characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society.

5. SFEILEB – A state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed
   in some person or thing.

Activity 4. Give me the details
Directions: Enumerate the perspectives of anthropology, sociology and political science. Then, give examples of how they are being used in society. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

A. Anthropology

B. Sociology

B. Political Science

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Activity 1: Converging Radial
Complete the diagram by writing the importance of knowing the perspective of anthropology, sociology and political science.

PERSPECTIVE OF Anthropology, Political Science, Sociology

Process Questions:

1. What is the importance of knowing the perspective of the ff:
   a. Anthropology
   b. Sociology
   c. Political Science

DEEPEN – Activity No. 1 My Own Collage
Directions: Using various materials like pictures in magazines, newspapers and brochures. Create a collage that reflects your understanding of anthropology, sociology and political science. Use a legal size bond paper (long) in Refer to the rubric for scoring.

Rubric for Collage Making

Table

Gauge Activity 1. Summative Assessment
Directions: True or False. Analyze each statement. Write T If the statement is true and write F if the statement is false. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

__1. Culture is defined as how people relate to nature and their physical environment.

____ 2. The term “Politics” means scientific study of man or human beings.
________3. Theoretical perspective is used to analyse and explain objects of social
study, and facilitate organizing sociological knowledge.
________4. Anthropology always describes human, human behaviour and human
societies around the world.
________5. Beliefs refer to the state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence
is placed in some person or thing.
________6. Cultural perspective sees social life as a competition, and focuses on
the distribution of resources, power, and inequality.
________7. Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions.
________8. Sociological theory attempts to explain how the social world operates
________9. Political Science, social science that deals with humans and their
interactions.
________10. Nature of politics refers to a theoretical foundation of contemporary
anthropology

file:///C:/Users/gawca/Downloads/UCSP%20Module%201.pdf

Understanding Culture Society and Politics
Quarter 1: Week 2 – Module 2

Target

Culture and society are complexly related. As the society changes, culturefollows and vice versa. Today, we consider the world very complicated, henceit isvery important to pay attention to the interplay of society and culture. Thesetwoare fundamentals in understanding human behavior, conduct and activitiesandsocial groups against the backdrop of globalization and industrialization. Therefore, students as individuals and vital members of the society are expected to valuetheirroles in the society, apply the knowledge they learned fromschool, andtranslatethe gained knowledge/ideas into actions beneficial to nation building. In your preceding lesson, you have learned about the nature, goalsandperspectives in/of anthropology, sociology and political science. Anthropologydeals with the study of human culture particularly the components, characteristics,functions, modes, and adaptation of culture, as well as culture valuesandpractices (Ariola, 2012). Sociology deals with the study of society andsocial
interactions taking place therein (Arcinas, 2016). Political is a study andresearchabout human activity that deals, to a certain extent, with power, conflict, anddecision making (Francisco and Francisco, 2015). In short, it deals withstudyof
the state, its institutions, its laws and processes. This lesson will provide you with information and various activities that will
help you understand the concepts, aspects and changes in/of culture andsociety.

After going through this lesson, you are expected to analyze the concepts, aspects and changes in/of culture and society (UCSP11/12SPU-lb-3).

Specific Learning Objectives

1. explain the concept of society and culture in anthropological and sociological
   perspective;
2. describe some major characteristics of society and culture;
3. differentiate between the various meanings of culture within society; and4. appreciate the significance of culture in the society

Jumpstart Answer the diagnostic activities below to check on what youknow about the topic. Have fun and good luck!

Activity 1 Picture Analysis
Directions: Write your impression/s about the pictures/images below. Useseparate sheet for your answer.

Activity 2. Write the Difference
Directions: Copy the diagrams below in a separate sheet of paper. Writethedifference between culture and society.

Discover

The Concept of Society

Meaning and Nature of Society
According to sociologist, a society is a group of people with commonterritory,interaction, and culture. Arcinas (2016) in his book, Undertanding Culture, Society, and Politics, defined society as group of people who share a common territorysndculture. It is a group of people living together in a definite territory, having asenseof belongingness, mutually interdependent of each other, and followa certainwayof life. Society is deerived from the Latin term “societas”, fromsocius, whichmeanscompanion or associate. Thus, it refers to all people, collectively regardedasconstituting a community of related, interdependent individuals living inadefiniteplace, following a certain mode of life (Ariola, 2012).

Definition of society has two types – the functional definitionandthestructural definition. From the functional point of view, society is definedasacomplex of groups in reciprocal relationships, interacting upon one another, enabling human organisms to carry on their life-activities and helping eachpersonto fulfill his wishes and accomplish his interests in association withhis fellows. From the structural point of view, society is the total social heritage of folkways,

mores and institutions; of habits, sentiments and ideals. The important aspect of society is the system of relationships, the pattern of the norms of interactionbywhich the members of the society maintain themselves. The following are reasons people live together as a society (Ariola, 2012):\

a. For survival – No man is an island. No man can live alone. Frombirth to death, man always dependsn upon his parents andfromothers. The care, support, and protection given by themareimportnt factors for survival.

b. Feeling of gregariousness – This is the desire of people tobewithother people, esecially of their own culture. People flocktogetherfor emotional warmth and belongingness. the need for approval, sympathy and understanding to which the individual belongsisapsychosocial need. Among Filipinos, the feeling of gregariousnessis found in all levels of society, especially among the lower socio-econmic classess. The more the person is needy, the morehecraves sympathy and understanding from someone else.

c. Specialization – Teachers, businessmen, students, physicians, nurses, lawyers, pharmacists, and other professionals organizethemselves into societies or associations to promote andprotecttheir own professions.

Characteristics of Society
Society comprises of a group of people who share a common culture, live in a particular area and feel themselves to constitute a unified and distinct entity. Society or human society is a group of people related to each other through persistent relations such as kinship, marriage, social status, roles and social networks. By extension, society denotes the people of a region or country, sometimes even the world, taken as a whole. Society has the following characteristics:

1. It is a social system. A social system consists of individuals interacting with each other. A system consists of sub-parts whereby a change in one part affects the other parts. Thus, a change in one group of individuals will affect the stability of the other parts of the system.
2. It is relatively large. The people must be socialy integratedtobeconsidered relatively large than if the people are individually scattered. Thus, the people in a family, clan, tribe, neighborhood, communityaresocially integrated to be relatively large in scope.
3. It socializes its members and from those from without. Since most of society’s members are born to it, they are taught the basic normsandexpectations. Those who come from other societies, before being acceptedas functioning members, are socialized and taught the basic normsandexpectations of the society.
4. It endures, produces and sustains its members for generations. For society to survive, it must have the ability to produce, endure and sustain its new members for at least several generations. For instance, if a society cannot assist its members during their extreme conditions of hunger and poverty, that society will not survive long.
5. It holds its members through a common culture. The individuals in a society are held together because that society has symbols, norms, values,patterns of interaction, vision and mission that are commonly shared by the members of such society.
6. It has clearly-defined geographical territory. The members in a society must live in a certain specific habitat or place and have a common belongingness and sense of purpose.

Major Functions of Society
A society is important because they have the following functions:

1. It provides a system of socialization. Knowledge and skills, dominant patterns of behavior, moral and social values, and aspects of personality are transmitted to each members, especially to the young. the family, the peer group, the school, the church and other government and non-government organizations play a role in the individual’s development.
2. It provides the basic needs of its members. Food, clothing, shelter, medicine, education, transportations and communication facilities, among others must be provided by society to satisfy the basic needs of its members.
3. It regulates and controls people’s behavior. Conformity to the prevailing norms of conduct ensures social control. The police, armedforces, law enforcement agencies and even the church and other government and non-government organizations exist as means of social control. Peace and order are created through a system of norms and formal organizations.
4. It provides the means of social participation. Through social participation, the individuals in a society learn to interact with each other,present and discuss their concerns and solve their own problems or renew their commitment and values. the people are give the opportunities to contribute to their knowledge and skills for the betterment of their family, neighborhood and community. religious organizations, civic organizations, people’s organizations (PO) and non-government organizations (NGOs) do their part in community developement.
5. It provides mutual support to the members. Mutual support is provided to the members of society in the form of relief in any formand solution to problems met by them. This form of assistance may come from the family, neighbors, clans, government and non-government agencies, civic and religious organizations